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Clausius clapeyron equation calculator
Clausius clapeyron equation calculator










clausius clapeyron equation calculator
  1. #Clausius clapeyron equation calculator plus#
  2. #Clausius clapeyron equation calculator free#

The chemical potential μ is equal on either side of the phase boundary curve. The pressure and temperature of the two phases are equal. Let sv and sl be the specific entropy of the vapor and liquid phases, respectively. The derivation will be given for a liquid-vapor equilibrium interface but it equally well applies to the interface between any two phases. The two phases could be vapor and solid for sublimation or solid and liquid for melting.ĭerivation of the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

clausius clapeyron equation calculator

More generally the Clausius-Clapeyron equation pertains to the relationship between the pressure and temperature for conditions of equilibrium between two phases. Where L is the latent heat of evaporation, and Vv and Vl are the specific volumes at temperature T of the vapor and liquid phases, respectively. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation for the equilibrium between liquid and vapor is then Let p be the saturation vapor pressure and T the temperature. The lower green line gives the slope in phase I and the upper green line in phase II. Phase I may be the vapor and II the liquid phase of the component. The red line in the P-T above diagram is the coexistence curve of two phases, I and II, of a single-component system. Why Clausius–Clapeyron relation is important?Ĭlausius–Clapeyron relation predicts the specific latent heat, the specific volume change and the specific entropy change of the phase transition. The entropy of vaporization is then equal to the heat of vaporization divided by the boiling point.

#Clausius clapeyron equation calculator free#

In a phase transition such as vaporization, both phases coexist in equilibrium, so the difference in Gibbs free energy is equal to zero.

#Clausius clapeyron equation calculator plus#

If the phase transition occurs quasi-statically at thermodynamic equilibrium, then the total entropy changes of the system plus surroundings combined are zero, otherwise the total entropy change is positive. The change in the entropy of the surroundings is of opposite sign. The entropy of a system undergoing a phase transition increases if the phase transition is towards higher internal energy (e.g., melting) and decreases if the phase transition is towards lower internal energy (e.g., freezing). Familiar examples are the melting of ice or the boiling of water (the water does not instantly turn into vapor, but forms a turbulent mixture of liquid water and vapor bubbles). The system remains in a "mixed-phase regime" in which some parts of the system have completed the transition and others have not. For this reason, the temperature remains constant during phase change until the change of state is complete.

clausius clapeyron equation calculator

The heat energy supplied during phase change does not benefit the increase in kinetic energy because the heat energy is used to break the molecules loose from the intermolecular binding forces. During this process, the temperature of the system will stay constant as heat is added. In a gas, which has the weakest intermolecular forces of all three phases, intermolecular bonds do not exist between the widely separated molecules.ĭuring a phase transition, a system either absorbs or releases a fixed (and typically large) amount of energy per volume change. As a result, the intermolecular bonds in a solid are stronger than those in a liquid. This reflects the greater distance between molecules in a gas than in a liquid, and the greater distance between molecules in a liquid than in a solid. The intermolecular forces between the molecules in a solid are greater than those between molecules in a liquid, which are in turn greater than those between molecules in a gas. Phase change phenomena can be viewed as the destruction or formation of intermolecular bonds as the result of changes in intermolecular forces. Phase change processes are always accompanied by a change of enthalpy, which we will now consider at the molecular level.

clausius clapeyron equation calculator

The point at which the vapor pressure curve crosses the P = 1 atm line (dashed) is the normal boiling point of the liquid. The image shows, vapor pressures of several liquids as a function of temperature.












Clausius clapeyron equation calculator